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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(1): 23-31, feb. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092718

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud son un problema frecuente en el ambiente hospitalario. La higiene de manos es la medida más efectiva para su prevención. El uso de ciertos accesorios en las manos podría disminuir su efectividad y favorecer la transmisión horizontal de agentes infecciosos. Objetivo: Revisar los estudios publicados que evalúan el impacto del uso de anillos y uñas esmaltadas en la calidad de la higiene de manos en trabajadores de la salud. Métodos: Búsqueda no sistemática en base de datos PUBMED/MEDLINE (1978-2018) de estudios en los cuales se mide la calidad de la higiene de manos o lavado quirúrgico, mediante cultivos cuantitativos o tinciones fluorescentes. Resultados: Uso de anillos: Trece de 51 artículos cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Siete fueron realizados en unidades clínicas, y en todos ellos éste se asoció a menor calidad de la higiene de manos (la mayoría de baja calidad). Contrariamente, en tres de cuatro estudios primarios realizados en pabellón (de baja calidad), su uso no impactó en la calidad del lavado quirúrgico. Igualmente, dos revisiones sistemáticas obtuvieron similares conclusiones. Uñas esmaltadas: siete de 54 artículos fueron incluidos. En cuatro hubo resultados discordantes (la mayoría de baja calidad). En un estudio controlado se observó reducción en la calidad del lavado quirúrgico sólo cuando el esmalte estaba dañado. El esmalte gel se asoció a menor calidad de la higiene de manos en dos estudios experimentales. Conclusiones: No existe evidencia de calidad suficiente para asociar el uso de estos accesorios con reducción en la calidad de la higiene de manos. Tampoco queda demostrada su inocuidad. En base a la evidencia disponible (la mayoría de baja calidad), se observó un impacto negativo del uso de anillos en unidades clínicas y también de uñas con esmalte dañado en pabellones quirúrgicos. Se requieren estudios de mejor calidad para abordar estos relevantes tópicos.


Abstract Background: Health-care-associated infections are a frequent problem in hospital environments. Hand hygiene is the most effective measure to prevent outbreaks. The use of certain accessories could decrease its effectiveness, facilitating horizontal transmission of pathogens. Objective: Analyze the evidence that assess the impact of the use of rings and nail polish on hand hygiene quality in healthcare workers. Methods: Non-systematic search in PUBMED/MEDLINE database (1978-2018) of studies in which the quality of hand hygiene or surgical washing is measured, using quantitative cultures or fluorescent stains. Results: Wearing rings: 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven were carried out in general wards. In all of them the use of rings was associated with lower quality of hand hygiene (the majority of low quality). Contrarily, in 3 of 4 primary studies carried out in the operating rooms (of low quality), their use did not affect the quality of surgical washing. Similarly, two systematic reviews obtained similar conclusions. Nail polish: 7 of 54 studies met the inclusion criteria. In four of them there were discordant results (the majority of low quality). One RCT showed a reduction in the quality of surgical washing only when the nail polish was damaged. Gel nail polish was associated with lower quality in two experimental studies. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to associate the use of these accessories with the reduction in the quality of hand hygiene. Its safety was not proven neither. Based on the available evidence (the majority of low quality), a negative impact of the use of rings in clinical units and also of damaged nail polish in operating rooms was observed. Better quality studies are required to address these relevant issues.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hand Disinfection/standards , Cross Infection , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Cosmetics/standards , Jewelry/statistics & numerical data , Hand Hygiene/statistics & numerical data , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Poland
2.
Cuenca; s.n; Universidad de Cuenca; 2020. 41 p. ilus; tab. CD-ROM.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102649

ABSTRACT

Objective: to determine the prevalence of ISQ and the associated factors at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, during the year 2018. Methodology: An analytical, cross-sectional study of prevalence in the area of surgery of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital was carried out in 2018. It was carried out with 233 medical records that met the inclusion criteria to establish the prevalence of SSI and factors. Associated as: age, preoperative stay, diabetes mellitus, drainage use, classification of the American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA), obesity, blood transfusion, antibiotic prophylaxis, open surgical approach, degree of wound contamination, surgical time, admission to intensive care. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed with the SPSS program, to establish the association between the SSI and the risk factors. The same ones that are specific in tables with their respective statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of SSI was 16.30%, a statistically significant association was found with surgical time greater than 120 minutes, use of drains, open surgical approach, admission to intensive care unit, ASA III-IV, contaminated and dirty wound, preoperative stay greater than 24h (p <0.05). There was no statistical association with body mass index greater than 25, diabetes mellitus, age over 65 years or with blood transfusion. Conclusions: The SSI is within the reported ranges, the factors for SSI are duration of surgery 120 minutes and more, preoperative stay 24 hours and more, ASA III and IV, contaminated and dirty wound, blood transfusions, use of drains, admission to the intensive care unit, conventional approach and lack of administration of antibiotics before surgery. It was not found as a risk factor for overweight or obesity, diabetes mellitus, the age of 65 years and more; nor who receive blood transfusions.


Subject(s)
Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Containment of Biohazards/statistics & numerical data
3.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 15(2): 200-205, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-891367

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the indicators duration of anesthesia, operative time and time patients stay in the operating rooms of different surgical specialties at a public university hospital. Methods It was done by a descriptive cross-sectional study based on the operating room database. The following stages were measured: duration of anesthesia, procedure time and patient length of stay in the room of the various specialties. We included surgeries carried out in sequence in the same room, between 7:00 a.m. and 5 p.m., either elective or emergency. We calculated the 80th percentile of the stages, where 80% of procedures were below this value. Results The study measured 8,337 operations of 12 surgical specialties performed within one year. The overall mean duration of anesthesia of all specialties was 178.12±110.46 minutes, and the 80th percentile was 252 minutes. The mean operative time was 130.45±97.23 minutes, and the 80th percentile was 195 minutes. The mean total time of the patient in the operating room was 197.30±113.71 minutes, and the 80th percentile was 285 minutes. Thus, the variation of the overall mean compared to the 80th percentile was 41% for anesthesia, 49% for surgeries and 44% for operating room time. In average, anesthesia took up 88% of the operating room period, and surgery, 61%. Conclusion This study identified patterns in the duration of surgery stages. The mean values of the specialties can assist with operating room planning and reduce delays.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os indicadores de tempo da anestesia, da operação e da permanência do paciente em sala de diversas especialidades do centro cirúrgico de um hospital universitário. Métodos Foi realizado em estudo descritivo transversal a partir da base de dados do centro cirúrgico e mensuradas as seguintes etapas: duração de anestesia, tempo do procedimento e tempo de permanência do paciente em sala das diversas especialidades. Foram incluídas as operações realizadas em sequência na mesma sala, das 7h às 17h, eletivas ou de urgências. Realizamos o calculo do percentil 80 da duração das etapas, onde 80% dos procedimentos ficaram abaixo deste valor obtido. Resultados O estudo incluiu 8.337 operações realizadas no período de 1 ano de 12 especialidades cirúrgicas. A média geral da duração da anestesia de todas as especialidades foi de 178,12±110,46 minutos, e o percentil 80 foi de 252 minutos. A média do tempo operatório foi 130,45±97,23 minutos, e o percentil 80 foi de 195 minutos. A média do tempo total do paciente em sala operatória foi de 197,30±113,71 minutos, e o percentil 80 foi de 285 minutos. A variação da média geral em relação ao percentil 80 foi de 41% na anestesia, 49% nas operações e 44% no tempo de sala. Na média geral, a anestesia ocupou 88% do tempo de sala e a operação, 61%. Conclusão Este estudo identificou padrões nas durações das etapas das operações. A informação das médias históricas das especialidades pode auxiliar no planejamento do centro cirúrgico e diminuir os atrasos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Specialties, Surgical/statistics & numerical data , Operative Time , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Time Management/organization & administration , Quality Indicators, Health Care/organization & administration , Anesthesia/statistics & numerical data
4.
Rev. cuba. med ; 55(3): 190-201, jul.-set. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844996

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en el año 2006, en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras se protocoliza la actividad de vigilancia de las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria para lo que se diseñaron indicadores generales, específicos y trazadores. Estos han sido medidos mensual y anualmente, presentados al Comité de Prevención y Control de las Infecciones asociadas a la Asistencia Sanitaria y al Consejo de Dirección. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria del hospital en el período 2006-2014. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo. El universo de estudio estuvo formado por la totalidad de pacientes egresados del hospital en el período estudiado (109 897 pacientes). Para obtener el dato primario fueron revisados el Sistema de estadísticas hospitalarias, el registro de infecciones, las historias clínicas de los pacientes infectados, los resultados de los estudios microbiológicos del sistema de Microbiología y el registro de fallecidos. Resultados: las tasas de infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria, de este hospital, son comparables con las de los patrones internacionales, semejantes a la de los países con programas eficientes de control de infecciones intrahospitalarias. La infección de la herida quirúrgica es la de mayor frecuencia en los años de vigilancia epidemiológica y aunque no coincide con las observaciones de otras instituciones, si coincide con los similares realizados en esta institución en periodo anteriores. Conclusiones: la infección del sitio quirúrgico es la más frecuente de las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria, comportamiento propio de un hospital con perfil quirúrgico; las restantes tres localizaciones infección del tracto urinario, infección del torrente sanguíneo y de infección del tracto respiratorio bajo coinciden con las de los estudios de vigilancia a escala mundial(AU)


Introduction: in 2006, the surveillance activity associated with healthcare infections is logged at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, for which general, specific and tracer indicators were designed. These are measured monthly and annually, and they are presented to the Committee for Prevention and Control of Infections associated with Health Care and to Board of Directors. Objective: described the behavior of hospital infections associated with health care from 2006 to 2014. Methods: a descriptive, observational, retrospective study. The study group consisted of all patients discharged from the hospital in the studied period (109,897 patients). For the primary data, the Galem System hospital statistics, registration of infections, the clinical records of infected patients, the results of microbiological studies of Galem system of Microbiology, and registration of death were reviewed. Results: the rates of infections associated with health care in this hospital are comparable with those of, similar to that of countries with efficient control programs nosocomial infections international standards. The surgical wound infection is the most frequent in the years of epidemiological surveillance and although it does not coincide with the observations of others, it does with similar studies conducted in this institution in previous period. Conclusions: infection of the surgical site is the most common of those associated with health care, common behavior of a hospital with surgical infections profile; the remaining three locations of the urinary tract infection, bloodstream infection and lower respiratory tract infection match the surveillance studies worldwide(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infection Control/methods , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Health Surveillance System , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Observational Study
5.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(4): 594-599, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770489

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the operative time indicators in a public university hospital. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using data from operating room database. The sample was obtained from January 2011 to January 2012. The operations performed in sequence in the same operating room, between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, elective or emergency, were included. The procedures with incomplete data in the system were excluded, as well as the operations performed after 5:00 pm or on weekends or holidays. Results We measured the operative and non-operative time of 8,420 operations. The operative time (mean and standard deviation) of anesthesias and operations were 177.6±110 and 129.8±97.1 minutes, respectively. The total time of the patient in operative room (mean and standard deviation) was 196.8±113.2. The non-operative time, e.g., between the arrival of the patient and the onset of anesthesia was 14.3±17.3 minutes. The time to set the next patient in operating room was 119.8±79.6 minutes. Our total non-operative time was 155 minutes. Conclusion Delays frequently occurred in our operating room and had a major effect on patient flow and resource utilization. The non-operative time was longer than the operative time. It is possible to increase the operating room capacity by management and training of the professionals involved. The indicators provided a tool to improve operating room efficiency.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os indicadores de tempo do centro cirúrgico de um hospital universitário para melhoraria de sua eficiência. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal a partir da base de dados da tecnologia da informação do centro cirúrgico. A amostra foi obtida a partir de janeiro de 2011 a janeiro de 2012. Foram incluídas as operações realizadas em sequência na mesma sala cirúrgica, das 7 às 17h, eletivas ou de urgências. Os procedimentos com dados incompletos no sistema foram excluídos, assim como as operações depois das 17h ou realizadas em fins de semana ou feriados. Resultados Foi medido o tempo operatório e não operatório de 8.420 operações realizadas. Os tempos operatórios (média e desvio padrão) de anestesia e de cirurgia foram 177,6±110 e 129,8±97,1 minutos, respectivamente. O tempo total do paciente em sala cirúrgica (média e desvio padrão) foi de 196,8±113,2. O tempo não operatório, por exemplo, entre a chegada do paciente e o início da anestesia, foi de 14,3±17,3 minutos. O tempo de preparo e entrada do próximo paciente na sala cirúrgica foi 119,8±79,6 minutos. O tempo não operatório total foi de 155 minutos. Conclusão Atrasos frequentes ocorreram nas salas de cirurgia e tiveram um grande efeito sobre o fluxo de pacientes e a utilização de recursos. O tempo não operatório foi maior que o operatório. Portanto, é possível aumentar a capacidade do centro cirúrgico por meio da gestão e do treinamento dos profissionais envolvidos. Os indicadores oferecem uma ferramenta para melhorar a eficiência das salas de cirurgia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Operative Time , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Time Management/organization & administration , Cross-Sectional Studies , Efficiency, Organizational/standards , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Quality Indicators, Health Care/statistics & numerical data
6.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 43(2): 216-227, abr.-jun. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-722983

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: las reacciones adversas a medicamentos en unidades quirúrgicas constituyen un problema de salud poco conocido, por lo que son escasas las investigaciones referentes a este tema.OBJETIVO: caracterizar las reacciones adversas a medicamentos en pacientes operados en la Unidad Quirúrgica de Urgencias del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto". MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y observacional que utilizó métodos de farmacovigilancia activa y pasiva. La muestra fue de los 2 128 pacientes operados durante el 2010, quienes fueron monitoreados diariamente a través de un listado de síndromes orientadores de reacciones adversas y la notificación de los profesionales de la salud. RESULTADOS: de los pacientes operados, 65 (3,05 %) presentaron al menos una reacción adversa a medicamentos, con un índice de aparición del 1,12 %. La mayoría de las notificaciones fueron en pacientes de 45-59 años (40,0 %) y del sexo femenino (69,2 %). Los anestésicos generales y los antimicrobianos aportaron el mayor porcentaje de notificaciones (36,9 % y 18,5 % respectivamente); la cefazolina y la ketamina resultaron los fármacos más notificados con un 13,8 %. La piel fue el sistema de órganos más afectado y el rash cutáneo la manifestación clínica más frecuente (17,8 %). Las reacciones adversas moderadas se presentaron con mayor frecuencia. CONCLUSIONES: se pone de manifiesto la importancia de la vigilancia farmacológica de los medicamentos, en especial en áreas sensibles como las unidades quirúrgicas, donde las reacciones adversas a medicamentos son muy frecuentes.


INTRODUCTION: adverse drug reactions in surgical units constitute a health problem little known, so there is little research concerning this topic. OBJECTIVE: to characterize adverse drug reactions in patients operated on at the Surgical Emergency Unit of "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" Central Military Hospital. METHODS: a prospective, observational study was conducted using active and passive methods of Drug Safety. The sample consisted of 2128 patients operated in 2010.These patients were monitored daily through a counseling list of syndromes for adverse reactions and by health professional reports. RESULTS: out of the patients operated on, 65 (3.05 %) had at least one adverse drug reaction with a rate of occurrence of 1.12 %. Most reports were in patients aged 45-59 years (40.0 %) and female (69.2 %). the highest rate of reporting was contributed by general anesthetics and antimicrobial (36.9 % and 18.5 % respectively); cefazolin and ketamine were the most reported drugs with 13.8 %. Skin was the most affected organ system and skin rash was the most common clinical manifestation (17.8 %). Moderate adverse reactions occurred more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: the importance of pharmacovigilance is highlighted, especially in sensitive areas such as surgical units, where adverse drug reactions are common.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Anesthetics, General/toxicity , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis , Pharmacovigilance , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Observational Study
7.
Rev. latinoam. enferm ; 19(5): 1239-1246, Sept.-Oct. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-602832

ABSTRACT

This exploratory-descriptive study was carried out in the Surgical Center Unit of a university hospital aiming to measure time spent with concurrent cleaning performed by the cleaning service and turnover time and also investigated potential associations between cleaning time and the surgery's magnitude and specialty, period of the day and the room's size. The sample consisted of 101 surgeries, computing cleaning time and 60 surgeries, computing turnover time. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze time and Pearson's correlation to study potential correlations. The time spent in concurrent cleaning was 7.1 minutes and turnover time was 35.6 minutes. No association between cleaning time and the other variables was found. These findings can support nurses in the efficient use of resources thereby speeding up the work process in the operating room.


Este estudo exploratório-descritivo foi conduzido na unidade de centro cirúrgico de um hospital de ensino, tendo por objetivos: mensurar o tempo despendido para limpeza concorrente pelo Serviço de Higiene e Limpeza, em sala de operação, e o intervalo entre as cirurgias, e investigar a associação entre o tempo de limpeza e porte e especialidade da cirurgia, período de ocorrência e tamanho da sala. A amostra foi constituída por 101 (estudo tempo de limpeza) e 60 cirurgias (estudo intervalo entre cirurgias). O método de Kaplan-Meier foi utilizado para análise do tempo e a correlação de Pearson para o estudo das associações. O tempo da limpeza concorrente da sala foi de 7,1 minutos e o do intervalo entre cirurgias de 35,6 minutos. Não se encontrou correlação entre tempo de limpeza e demais variáveis. Esses achados instrumentalizam os enfermeiros no uso eficiente de recursos, agilizando o processo de trabalho em centro cirúrgico.


Este estudio exploratorio y descriptivo fue conducido en la Unidad de Centro Quirúrgico de un hospital de enseñanza teniendo por objetivos mensurar el tiempo utilizado para limpieza concurrente en sala de operación (por el Servicio de Higiene y Limpieza) y el intervalo entre las cirugías; e, investigar las asociaciones entre: tiempo de limpieza, porte de la cirugía, especialidad de la cirugía, período de ocurrencia y tamaño de la sala. El estudio fue constituido de 101 casos de limpieza (estudio de tiempo de limpieza) y 60 cirugías (estudio de intervalo entre cirugías). El método de Kaplan-Meier fue utilizado para el análisis del tiempo y la correlación de Pearson para el estudio de las asociaciones. El tiempo promedio de limpieza concurrente de la sala fue de 7,1 minutos y el del intervalo entre cirugías de 35,6 minutos. No fue encontrada correlación entre el tiempo de limpieza y las demás variables. Estos hallazgos instrumentalizan a los enfermeros en el uso eficiente de recursos, agilizando el proceso de trabajo en el Centro Quirúrgico.


Subject(s)
Housekeeping, Hospital/standards , Housekeeping, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Operating Rooms/standards , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Quality Control , Time Factors
8.
Rev. latinoam. enferm ; 8(4): 59-65, ago. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-385251

ABSTRACT

Apesar da vasta literatura disponível sobre o preparo do cliente cirúrgico e sobre a realização do ato cirúrgico, o enfoque dado à suspensão deste ato tem sido bastante restrito. Objetiva-se neste estudo identificar o quantitativo de cirurgias programadas e suspensas e os serviços mais afetados por esse acontecimento. O estudo foi realizado nos serviços de cirurgia de um hospital público de ensino, de grande porte, localizado na região metropolitana de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os dados foram levantados através dos livros de registro cirúrgico, mapas diários de programa cirúrgico e dos prontuários de clientes selecionados para serem submetidos à cirurgia no período de setembro a dezembro de 1996. Os dados levantados foram analisados quantitativamente e apresentados em tabelas. Os resultados demonstram que das 1.145 cirurgias programadas no período selecionado, 379 (33%) foram suspensas. Os serviços mais prejudicados foram o de Cirurgia Geral, Oftalmologia, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Otorrinolaringologia, Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, e o de Proctologia. Faz-se necessário maiores investigações nessa área a fim de se conhecer as causas e/ou motivos que determinaram o cancelamento dessas cirurgias, bem como a participação de enfermagem no estudo dessa problemática.


Subject(s)
Humans , Appointments and Schedules , Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Teaching/organization & administration , Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical data , Surgical Procedures, Operative/standards , Patient Care Planning/organization & administration , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data
9.
Rev. argent. cir ; 64(3/4): 100-3, mar.-abr. 1993.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-124843

ABSTRACT

En un trabajo prospectivo se registraron todos los hechos no esperados ocurridos durante el acto quirúrgico en un año, en una clínica privada con condiciones edilicias y equipamiento adecuados, personal entrenado y médicos con título de especialistas. En 2.752 operaciones se detectaron 10 (0.36%) problemas que por su poca jerarquía hubieran pasado inadvertidos, pero sirvieron para hacer correcciones y aumentar las medidas de seguridad


Subject(s)
Humans , Accident Prevention , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Equipment Safety/standards , Surgical Equipment/standards , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Surgery Department, Hospital/organization & administration , Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , Equipment Failure/statistics & numerical data , Operating Rooms/standards , Operating Rooms/organization & administration , Surgery Department, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Surgery Department, Hospital/standards , Underregistration/statistics & numerical data
10.
11.
Colomb. med ; 18(2): 52-4, 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-81522

ABSTRACT

Se efectuo un estudio en las salas de cirugia de las unidades intermedias de salud de la ciudad de Cali, donde se llevan a cabo intervenciones quirurgicas de los niveles de complejidad I y II. Se revisaron todas las intervenciones efectuadas en ellas durante un periodo de 3.5 anos. Los hallazgos mostraron una utilizacion encontrada en otras salas, por estudios similares


Subject(s)
Hospitals, Public , Operating Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Colombia
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